Efficacy of prehabilitation modalities in total knee arthroplasty: .

Objective

Up to 30% of patients with osteoarthritis experience suboptimal recovery after total knee arthroplasty (TKA), increasing interest in prehabilitation as a potential strategy to improve postoperative outcomes. This study compared the efficacy of individual prehabilitation modalities versus standard care for physical function, quadriceps strength, pain, and health-related quality of life (HR-QoL) at 3 months after TKA, with additional analyses at 4-8 weeks.

Design

We conducted a systematic review and network meta-analysis (NMA) of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) following PRISMA guidelines. Eligible studies included adults undergoing TKA for osteoarthritis who received preoperative prehabilitation targeting physical, educational, nutritional, or behavioral domains. Comparators were standard care or alternative prehabilitation interventions. Confidence in the evidence was assessed using the CINeMA framework.

Results

20 RCTs (1095 patients) comparing eight prehabilitation modalities were included. At 3 months after TKA, no prehabilitation modality demonstrated statistically significant improvements in physical function, quadriceps strength, pain, or HR-QoL compared with standard care. Similar findings were observed at 4-8 weeks after TKA, except that lower-extremity strength training significantly improved quadriceps strength compared with standard care. Confidence in the evidence was predominantly low to very low, primarily because of imprecision, although three treatment comparisons were supported by moderate confidence.

Conclusion

Current evidence does not support recommending one prehabilitation modality over another before TKA. Although lower-extremity strength training improved short-term quadriceps strength, this finding was supported by low-confidence evidence. Larger, adequately powered head-to-head trials are needed to determine whether specific prehabilitation modalities provide clinically meaningful postoperative benefits.

Registration

PROSPERO (CRD42024490615).

Keywords

Network meta-analysis, Osteoarthritis, Physical function, Prehabilitation, Preoperative intervention, Total knee arthroplasty

Conflict of interest statement

The author(s) declared no potential conflicts of interest with respect to the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article.